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Real Estate & Mortgages

Difference Between Owner-Occupied, Second Home, and Investment Property?

Occupancy type drives down payment, loan programs, and rates. Compare owner-occupied, second home, and investment property requirements.

EKEddie KnoellCo-Founder · Senior Loan Officer
Feb 5, 20257 min read

When applying for a Arizona mortgage, a borrower's “Occupancy Type” is a major factor in the amount of down payment required, loan program available, and mortgage interest rate. Whether you are purchasing, doing a rate/term refinance or taking equity out of your property through a cash out refinance, occupancy type is always considered by the underwriter.

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The difference between owner-occupied, second homes, and investment properties affects loans and taxes. Get expert guidance today!

Three Types of Residential Occupancy

Owner Occupied / Primary Residence

According to HUD, a principal residence is a property that will be occupied by the borrower for the majority of the calendar year. At least one borrower must occupy the property and sign the security instrument and the mortgage note for the property to be considered owner-occupied.

Second Home

To qualify as a second home, the property typically must be at least 50 miles from the primary residence, and it cannot appear that the real estate is being purchased for rental investment purposes.

Investment Property

A property that is not occupied by the owner and is typically utilized for rental income purposes.

Down Payment Requirements

Owner Occupied / Primary Residence

Purchases for VA and USDA can go up to 100% financing, while FHA requires 3.5% of the purchase price as a down payment. Conventional financing may require anywhere from 5% – 25% depending on the credit score, county, property type and loan amount.

Second Home

Average 10% down for a purchase, and 25% equity for a refinance.

Investment Property

Down payment requirements will range from 20-25% depending on the number of units. When doing a cash-out refinance on an investment property with 2-4 units, the required loan to value will need to be 70% or lower to qualify.

*It should be noted that on any high balance loan amount the above mentioned Loan-to-Value (LTV) requirements will change. Credit score requirements also apply.

If you have any questions about this or if you have any questions you'd like us to answer on our podcast, you can submit your questions using our contact form or give us a call at (602) 535-2171. Be sure to ask us for a free quote on your next mortgage. We'll personally work with you and help you through the whole process.

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Be sure to ask us for a free quote on your next mortgage. We'll personally work with you and help you through the whole process.

Mortgage Brothers LLC does not provide tax, legal, or accounting advice. This material has been prepared for informational purposes only. You should consult your own tax, legal, and accounting advisors before engaging in any transaction. Mortgage Brothers NMLS 1007154, NMLS #210917 and 1618695. Equal Housing Opportunity.

Explore the key differences between an owner-occupied second home and an investment property. For further insights, check out our discussion on detached guest home appraisal issues, learn how connecting a guest house to your main home adds value, and discover the distinctions between Arizona condos and townhomes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a primary or owner-occupied residence?
An owner-occupied or primary residence is a residential property where the borrower intends to live for the majority of the calendar year. To qualify under this occupancy type, at least one borrower listed on the mortgage must physically occupy the home, signing both the mortgage note and the security instrument.
What criteria must a property meet to qualify as a second home?
To classify a property as a second home for underwriting purposes, the real estate must typically be located at least 50 miles away from the borrower's primary residence. Additionally, the borrower must intend to occupy it for part of the year, and it cannot appear to be purchased for rental or investment purposes.
How does an investment property differ from a second home?
Unlike a second home, an investment property is a residential space that the owner does not occupy. Instead, it is acquired primarily to generate rental income or future financial profits. Because of the vacancy and rental risks, lenders enforce different underwriting standards for investment loans.
How do down payment requirements vary across different occupancy types?
Down payment guidelines change significantly by occupancy type. Primary residences offer low-down options, such as 0% for VA/USDA, 3.5% for FHA, and 5% to 25% for conventional loans. Second homes generally require an average of a 10% down payment, while investment properties demand the highest reserves, typically requiring a 20% to 25% down payment depending on the number of units.

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